Catholic Encyclopedia F

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Faa di Bruno, Francesco - Italian mathematician and priest. (1825-1888)

Faber, Felix - German writer, born about 1441 at Zurich, of a famous family commonly known as Schmid; died in 1502 at Ulm, Germany.

Faber, Frederick William - Oratorian and devotional writer. (1814-1863)

Faber, Johann - Controversialist and preacher. (1504-1558)

Faber, Johann - Theologian. (1478-1541)

Faber, Johann Augustanus - Theologian, born at Fribourg, Switzerland, c. 1470; died about 1531.

Faber, Matthias - Writer and preacher, born at Altomünster, Germany, 24 February, 1586; died at Tyrnau, 26 April 1653.

Faber, Philip - Theologian, philosopher and noted commentator of Duns Scotus. (1564-1630)

Fabian, Pope Saint - Biography of this pope who was martyred in 250.

Fabiola, Saint - Divorced, remarried, widowed, penitent, renowned for her generosity. She died in 399 or 400.

Fabre, Joseph - Second Superior General of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate. (1824-1892)

Fabri, Honoré - Jesuit, theologian, b. about 1607 in the Department of Ain, France; d. at Rome, 8 March, 1688.

Fabriano and Matelica - Fabriano, a city in the province of Macerata, Central Italy, is noted for its paper manufactories and its trade in salted fish. The town of Matelica possesses some ancient inscriptions. A Roman colony was established there in 89 B.C.

Fabrica Ecclesiæ - Latin term, meaning, etymologically, the construction of a church, but in a broader sense the funds necessary for such construction.

Fabricius, Hieronymus - Italian anatomist and surgeon. 1537-1619)

Fabyan, Robert - English chronicler, died 28 February, 1513.

Facade - The face or front of any building. In ecclesiastical architecture the term is generally used to designate the west front; sometimes the transept fronts.

Facciolati, Jacopo - Lexicographer and philologist. (1682-1769)

Faculties, Canonical - In law, a faculty is the authority, privilege, or permission, to perform an act or function.

Faculties of the Soul - Article covers the meaning and classification.

Facundus of Hermiane - A sixth-century Christian author, Bishop of Hermiane in Africa, about whose career very little is known.

Faenza - Diocese in the province of Ravenna (Central Italy), suffragan of Ravenna.

Fagnani, Prospero - Canonist, b. in Italy, place and date of birth uncertain; d. in 1678.

Fagnano, Giulio Carlo de' Toschi di - Mathematician. (1682-1766)

Faillon, Etienne-Michel - Historian. (1800-1870)

Faith - In the Old Testament, the Hebrew word means essentially steadfastness. As signifying man's attitude towards God it means trustfulness or fiducia.

Faith, Hope & Charity, Saints - Two groups of martyrs. The first were martyred along with their mother Sophia during the reign of Hadrian, and buried on the Aurelian Way. The second band, also along with someone named Sophia, were martyred at a later date, and buried along the Appian Way.

Faith, The Rule of - The word rule (Lat. regula, Gr. kanon) means a standard by which something can be tested, and the rule of faith means something extrinsic to our faith, and serving as its norm or measure.

Faithful, The - Those who have bound themselves to a religious association, whose doctrine they accept, and into whose rites they have been initiated. Among Christians the term is applied to those who have been fully initiated by baptism and, regularly speaking, by confirmation.

Falco, Juan Conchillos - Painter, b. at Valencia of an ancient noble family in 1641; d. 14 May, 1711.

Faldstool - A movable folding chair used in pontifical functions by the bishop outside of his cathedral, or within it if he is not at his throne or cathedra.

Falkner, Thomas - Surgeon and missionary. (1707-1784)

Fall River - A suffragan see of the Province of Boston; comprises the counties of Bristol, Barnstable, Dukes, and Nantucket, with the towns of Marion, Mattapoisett and Wareham in Plymouth county, Massachusetts.

Fallopio, Gabriello - Anatomist. (1523-1562)

Falloux du Coudray - Frédéric Alfred Pierre. (1811-1885)

False Decretals - A name given to certain apocryphal papal letters contained in a collection of canon laws composed about the middle of the ninth century by an author who uses the pseudonym of Isidore Mercator, in the opening preface to the collection.

Falsity - A perversion of truth originating in the deceitfulness of one party, and culminating in the damage of another party.

Famagusta - A titular see in the Island of Cyprus.

Familiars - Strictly speaking, seculars subject to a master's authority and maintained at his expense. In canon law the term usually signifies seculars residing in monasteries and other religious houses, actually employed therein as servants and subject to the authority of the regular prelate to the same extent as servants are subject to their masters.

Family - In the classical Roman period the familia rarely included the parents or the children. Its English derivative was frequently used in former times to describe all the persons of the domestic circle, parents, children, and servants. Present usage, however, excludes servants.

Fano - Located in Italy.

Fanon - Shoulder-cape worn by the pope.

Faraud, Henri - Canadian bishop. (1823-1890)

Farfa, Abbey of - A legend in the "Chronicon Farfense" relates the foundation of a monastery at Farfa in the time of the Emperors Julian, or Gratian, by the Syrian St. Laurentius, who had come to Rome with his sister, Susannah, and had been made Bishop of Spoleto.

Fargo - Diocese; suffragan of St. Paul, U.S.A.

Faribault, George-Barthélemy - Canadian archaeologist. (1789-1866)

Faribault, Jean-Baptiste - Early settler in Minnesota. (1774-1860)

Farinato, Paolo - Italian painter. (1524-1606)

Farlati, Daniele - Ecclesiastical historian. (1690-1773)

Farnese, Alessandro - Cardinal. (1520-1589)

Faro - A suffragan of Evora, Portugal, and extending over the province of Algarve.

Faroe Islands - A group of Danish islands rising from the sea some four hundred miles west of Norway and almost as far south of Iceland.

Fast - Abstinence from food or drink.

Fatalism - The view which holds that all events in the history of the world, and, in particular, the actions and incidents which make up the story of each individual life, are determined by fate.

Fate - Lat. fatum, from fari, to tell or predict.

Fathers of Mercy, The - A congregation of missionary priests first established at Lyons, France, in 1808, and later at Paris, in 1814, and finally approved by Pope Gregory XVI, 18 February, 1834.

Fathers of the Church - The word Father is used in the New Testament to mean a teacher of spiritual things, by whose means the soul of man is born again into the likeness of Christ:

Faunt, Lawrence Arthur - Jesuit theologian. (1554-1590)

Fauriel, Charles-Claude - French historian. (1772-1844)

Faustinus and Jovita, Saints - Brothers martyred at Brescia in 120.

Faustus of Riez - Bishop of Riez in Southern Gaul, the best known and most distinguished defender of Semipelagianism, b. between 405 and 410, d. between 490 and 495.

Faversham Abbey - A former Benedictine monastery of the Cluniac Congregation situated in the County of Kent about nine miles west of Canterbury. It was founded about 1147 by King Stephen and Queen Matilda.

Faye, Hervé-Auguste-Etienne-Albann - Astronomer. (1814-1902)

Fear - A mental disturbance caused by the perception of instant or future danger.

Fear (from a Moral Standpoint) - Viewed from the moral standpoint, that is, in so far as it is a factor to be reckoned with in pronouncing upon the freedom of human acts, as well as offering an adequate excuse for failing to comply with positive law, particularly if the law be of human origin.

Feast of Fools - A celebration marked by much license and buffoonery, which in many parts of Europe, and particularly in France, during the later Middle Ages took place every year on or about the feast of the Circumcision (1 Jan.).

Feasts, Ecclesiastical - Feast Days, or Holy Days, are days which are celebrated in commemoration of the sacred mysteries and events recorded in the history of our redemption, in memory of the Virgin Mother of Christ, or of His apostles, martyrs, and saints, by special services and rest from work.

Febronianism - The politico-ecclesiastical system outlined by Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim, Auxiliary Bishop of Trier, under the pseudonym Justinus Febronius.

Feckenham, John de - Last Abbot of Westminster, and confessor of the Faith; b. in Feckenham Forest, Worcestershire, in 1515(?); d. at Wisbech Castle, 16 Oct., 1585.

Feder, Johann Michael - German theologian. (1753-1824)

Feilding, Rudolph William Basil - English convert. (1823-1892)

Feilmoser, Andreas Benedict - Theologian and Scripture scholar. (1777-1831)

Felbiger, Johann Ignaz von - German Augustinian. (1724-1788)

Felician Sisters, O.S.F. - Founded 21 November, 1855, at Warsaw, Poland, by Mother Mary Angela.

Felicissimus - Third-century schismatic.

Felicitas and Perpetua, Saints - Martyred at Carthage in 203.

Felicitas, Saint - Roman martyr. Article explains how she and the seven martyrs who are called her sons have come to have different feast days.

Felix and Adauctus, Saints - Martyrs at Rome in 303. "Adauctus" is not the second martyr's proper name--it means "added."

Felix, Célestin Joseph - French Jesuit, b. at Neuville-sur-l' Escaut (Nord), 28 June 1810; d. at Lille, 7 July, 1891.

Felix I, Pope Saint - The successor of Pope St. Dionysius, Felix died in 274. He is sometimes confused with a Roman martyr of the same name.

Felix II - Pope (more properly Antipope), 355-358; d. 22 Nov., 365.

Felix III, Pope Saint - Felix II was an antipope, irregularly imposed by the Arians while Pope Liberius was still alive, so St. Felix III is sometimes called Felix II. Pope St. Felix III was much involved in battling heresy, and died in 492.

Felix IV, Pope Saint - Since Felix II was an antipope imposed by the Arians while Pope Liberius was still alive, St. Felix IV is sometimes called Felix III. Pope St. Felix IV died in 530.

Felix of Cantalice, Saint - Biography of this Capuchin lay brother, known for his goodness, popular with children, d. 1587.

Felix of Nola, Saint - Third-century confessor. Possibly the same as St. Felix of Nola, bishop and martyr.

Felix of Valois, Saint - Co-founder of the Order of the Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, d. 1212.

Felix V - Regnal name of Amadeus of Savoy, Antipope (1440-1449). (1383-1451)

Feller, François-Xavier de - An author and apologist, b at Brussels 18 August, 1735; d. at Ratisbon 22 May, 1802.

Feneberg, Johann Michael Nathanael - Born in Oberdorf, Allgau, Bavaria, 9 Feb., 1751; died 12 Oct., 1812. He studied at Kaufbeuren and in the Jesuit gymnasium at Augsburg, and in 1770 entered the Society of Jesus, at Landsberg, Bavaria.

Fenelon, François de Salignac de la Mothe- - French bishop and author, b. in the Château de Fénelon in Périgord (Dordogne), 6 August, 1651; d. at Cambrai, 7 January, 1715.

Fenn, John - Born at Montacute near Wells in Somersetshire; d. 27 Dec., 1615. He was the eldest brother of Ven. James Fenn, the martyr, and Robert Fenn, the confessor.

Ferber, Nicolaus - A Friar Minor and controversialist, born at Herborn, Germany, in 1485; died at Toulouse, 15 April, 1534.

Ferdinand, Blessed - Prince of Portugal, always pious and known for his generosity. When a military mission of his brother failed, Ferdinand offered himself as a hostage, and died in captivity in 1443.

Ferdinand II - Emperor, eldest son of Archduke Karl and the Bavarian Princess Maria, b. 1578; d. 15 February, 1637.

Ferdinand III, Saint - King of León and Castile, Third Order Franciscan, d. 1252.

Ferentino, Diocese of - In the province of Rome, immediately subject to the Holy See.

Fergus, Saints - There are at least ten Irish saints named Fergus. This article gives details on three of them: St. Fergus Cruithneach, or the Pict, bishop, d. about 730; St. Fergus, Bishop of Duleek, d. 778; and St. Fergus, Bishop of Downpatrick, d. 583.

Feria - A day on which the people, especially the slaves, were not obliged to work, and on which there were no court sessions.

Ferland, Jean-Baptiste-Antoine - A French Canadian historian, b. at Montreal, 25 December, 1805; d. at Quebec, 11 January, 1865.

Fermo, Archdiocese of - In the province of Ascoli Piceno (Central Italy).

Fernández, Antonio - A Jesuit missionary; b. at Lisbon, c. 1569; d. at Goa, 12 November, 1642.

Fernández de Palencia, Diego - A Spanish conqueror and historian; b. at Palencia in the early part of the sixteenth century.

Fernández, Juan - A Jesuit lay brother and missionary; b. at Cordova; d. 12 June, 1567, in Japan.

Ferns - Diocese in the province of Leinster (Ireland), suffragan of Dublin.

Ferrara - Archdiocese immediately subject to the Holy See.

Ferrari, Gaudenzio - An Italian painter and the greatest master of the Piedmontese School, b. at Valduggia, near Novara. Italy, c. 1470: d. at Milan, 31 January, 1546.

Ferraris, Lucius - An eighteenth-century canonist of the Franciscan Order.

Ferre, Vicente - Theologian. (d. 1682)

Ferreira, Antonio - A poet, important both for his lyric and his dramatic compositions, b. at Lisbon, Portugal, in 1528; d. there of the plague in 1569.

Ferrer, Rafael - A Spanish missionary and explorer; b. at Valencia, in 1570; d. at San José, Peru, in 1611.

Ferrières, Abbey of - Situated in the Diocese of Orléans, department of Loiret, and arrondissement of Montargis.

Ferstel, Heinrich, Freiherr von - Architect; with Hansen and Schmidt, the creator of modern Vienna; b. 7 July, 1828, at Vienna; d. at Grinzing, near Vienna, 14 July, 1883.

Fesch, Joseph - Cardinal, b. at Ajaccio, Corsica, 3 January, 1763; d. at Rome, 13 May, 1839.

Fessler, Josef - Bishop of St. Polten in Austria and secretary of the Vatican Council; b. 2 December, 1813, at Lochau near Bregenz in the Vorarlberg; d. 25 April, 1872.

Feti, Domenico - Italian painter; born at Rome, 1589; died at Venice, 1624.

Fetishism - The word fetish is derived through the Portuguese feitiço from the Latin factitius (facere, to do, or to make), signifying made by art, artificial (cf. Old English fetys in Chaucer).

Feuardent, François - Franciscan, theologian, preacher of the Ligue, b. at Coutanees, Normandy, in 1539; d. at Paris, 1 Jan., 1610.

Feuchtersleben, Baron Ernst von - An Austrian poet, philosopher, and physician; born at Vienna, 29 April, 1806; died 3 September, 1849.

Feudalism - The source of feudalism rises from an intermingling of barbarian usage and Roman law.

Feuillants - The Cistercians who, about 1145, founded an abbey in a shady valley in the Diocese of Rieux (now Toulouse) named it Fuliens, later Les Feuillans or Notre-Dame des Feuillans.

Feuillet, Louis - Geographer, b. at Mane near Forcalquier, France, in 1660; d. at Marseilles in 1732.

Feval, Paul-Henri-Corentin - French novelist. (1817-1887)

Feyjóo y Montenegro, Benito Jerónimo - Spanish writer. (1676-1764)

Fiacc, Saint - Poet, chief bishop of Leinster, d. around 520.

Fiacre, Saint - Biography of this Irish priest and hermit, patron saint of gardeners, d. 670.

Ficino, Marsilio - Entry on this Renaissance Platonist, by M. Schumacher. Details his life and explores his relation to the classical thinkers.

Ficker, Julius - Historian, b. at Paderborn, Germany, 30 April, 1826; d. at Innsbruck, 10 June, 1902.

Fideism - A philosophical term meaning a system of philosophy or an attitude of mind, which, denying the power of unaided human reason to reach certitude, affirms that the fundamental act of human knowledge consists in an act of faith, and the supreme criterion of certitude is authority.

Fidelis of Sigmaringen, Saint - Former lawyer who joined the Capuchins, and was sent as a missionary to the Calvinists. Martyred in 1622.

Fiesole - Diocese in the province of Tuscany, suffragan of Florence.

Figueroa, Francisco de - A celebrated Spanish poet, surnamed "the Divine", b. at Alcalá de Henares, c. 1540, d. there, 1620.

Figueroa, Francisco García de la Rosa - Franciscan, b. in the latter part of the eighteenth century at Toluca, in the Archdiocese of Mexico; date of death unknown.

Fiji, Vicariate Apostolic of - Comprising the islands belonging to the Fiji Archipelago.

Filelfo, Franscesco - A humanist, b. at Tolentino, 25 July, 1398; d. at Florence 31 July, 1481.

Filial Church - A church to which is annexed the cure of souls, but which remains dependent on another church.

Filicaja, Vincenzo da - Lyric poet; born at Florence, 30 December, 1642; died there 24 September, 1707.

Filioque - It expresses the Procession of the Holy Ghost from both Father and Son as one Principle; and, it was the occasion of the Greek schism.

Fillastre, Guillaume - French cardinal, canonist, humanist, and geographer. (1348-1428)

Filliucci, Vincenzo - Jesuit moralist. (1566-1622)

Filliucius, Felix - An Italian humanist, philosopher, and theologian, b. at Siena about the year 1525; supposed to have d. at Florence c. 1590.

Finan, Saint - Irish monk, second Bishop of Lindisfarne, d. 661.

Finbarr, Saint - Bishop and patron of Cork, Ireland. (550-623)

Finland - As of the time of this article, a department or province of the Russian Empire; bounded on the north by Norway, on the west by Sweden and the Gulf of Bothnia, on the south by the Gulf of Finland.

Finnian of Moville, Saint - Irish monk, author of a monastic rule and a penitential. Also the founder of a famous school in County Down. St. Finnian died in 589.

Finotti, Joseph M. - Italian-American Jesuit in Colorado. (1817-1879)

Fintan, Saints - Brief biographical sketches of two saints of this name: St. Fintan of Clonenagh, and St. Fintan (Munnu) of Taghmon.

Fioretti di San Francesco d'Assisi - Little Flowers of Francis of Assisi, the name given to a classic collection of popular legends about the life of St. Francis of Assisi and his early companions as they appeared to the Italian people at the beginning of the fourteenth century.

Fire, Liturgical Use of - One of the most expressive and most ancient of liturgical symbols.

Firmament - The notion that the sky was a vast solid dome seems to have been common among the ancient peoples.

Firmicus Maternus - Christian author of the fourth century.

Firmilian - Bishop of Cæsarea in Cappadocia, died c. 269.

First-Born - The word, though casually taken in Holy Writ in a metaphorical sense, is most generally used by the sacred writers to designate the first male child in a family.

First-Fruits - First-fruit offerings are designated in the Law by a threefold name: Bíkkûrîm, Reshîth, and Terûmôth.

Fiscal Procurator - The duties of the fiscal procurator consist in preventing crime and safeguarding ecclesiastical law.

Fischer, Antonius - Cardinal-Archbishop of Cologne. (1840-1912)

Fish, Symbolism of the - The symbol itself may have been suggested by the miraculous multification of the loaves and fishes or the repast of the seven Disciples, after the Resurrection, on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, but its popularity among Christians was due principally, to the famous acrostic consisting of the initial letters of five Greek words forming the word for fish (Ichthys), which words briefly but clearly described the character of Christ and His claim to the worship of believers: Iesous Christos Theou Yios Soter, i.e. Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour.

Fisher, Philip - Missionary, b. in Madrid, 1595-6; d. in Maryland, U. S., 1652.

Fitter, Daniel - Born in Worcestershire, England, 1628; died at St. Thomas' Priory, near Stafford, 6 Feb., 1700.

Fitton, James - Missionary, b. at Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A., 10 April, 1805; d. there, 15 Sept., 1881.

Fitzalan, Henry - Twelfth Earl of Arundel, b. about 1511; d. in London, 24 Feb., 1580.

Fitzherbert, Anthony, Sir - Judge, b. in 1470; d. 27 May, 1538.

Fitzherbert, Maria Anne - Wife of King George IV; b. 26 July, 1756 (place uncertain); d. at Brighton, England, 29 March, 1837.

Fitzherbert, Thomas - Born 1552, at Swynnerton, Staffs, England; died 17 Aug., 1640, at Rome.

Fitzpatrick, William John - Historian, b. in Dublin, Ireland, 31 Aug., 1830; d. there 24 Dec., 1895.

Fitzralph, Richard - Archbishop of Armagh, b. at Dundalk, Ireland, about 1295; d. at Avignon, 16 Dec., 1360.

Fitzsimon, Henry - Irish Jesuit. (1566-1643)

Fitz-Simons, Thomas - American merchant, b. in Ireland, 1741; d. at Philadelphia, U.S.A., 26 Aug., 1811.

Fixlmillner, Placidus - Astronomer. (1721-1791)

Fizeau, Armand-Hippolyte-Louis - Physicist. (1819-1896)

Flabellum - A fan made of leather, silk, parchment, or feathers intended to keep away insects from the Sacred Species and from the priest.

Flaccilla, Aelia - Empress, wife of Theodosius the Great, died c. A. D. 385 or 386.

Flagellants - A fanatical and heretical sect that flourished in the thirteenth and succeeding centuries.

Flagellation - Includes history and its use in scripture.

Flaget, Benedict Joseph - First Bishop of Bardstown (subsequently of Louisville), Kentucky, U.S.A. (1763-1850)

Flanagan, Thomas Canon - Canon of Birmingham Diocese. Born in England in 1814, though Irish by descent; died at Kidderminster, 21 July, 1865.

Flanders - Designated in the eighth century a small territory around Bruges; it became later the name of the country bounded by the North Sea, the Scheldt, and the Canche.

Flandrin, Jean-Hippolyte - French painter. (1809-1864)

Flathead Indians - A name used in both Americas, without special ethnologic significance, to designate tribes practising the custom of compressing the skull in infancy by artificial means.

Flavia Domitilla - A Christian Roman matron of the imperial family who lived towards the close of the first century.

Flavian, Saint - Bishop of Constantinople, excommunicated Eutyches, was the recipient of the famous "Tome of Leo," deposed by the Latrocinium, died from severe beatings in exile in 449.

Flavias - A titular see of Cilicia Secunda.

Flavigny, Abbey of - Benedictine abbey in the Diocese of Dijon, the department of Côte-d'Or, and arroundissement of Semur.

Flaviopolis - A titular see in the province of Honorias.

Flechier, Esprit - Bishop; b. at Pernes, France, 1632; died at Montpellier, 1710.

Flemael, Bertholet - Painter, b. at Liège, Flanders, in 1614; d. there in 1675.

Fleming, Patrick - Franciscan friar b. at Lagan, County Louth, Ireland, 17April, 1599; d. 7 November, 1631.

Fleming, Richard - Bishop of Lincoln and founder of Lincoln College, Oxford; b. about 1360; d. at Sleaford, 25 Jan., 1431.

Fleming, Thomas - Archbishop of Dublin, son of the Baron of Slane. (1593-1665)

Fletcher, John - A missionary and theologian; d. about 1848.

Flete, William - An Augustinian hermit friar, a contemporary and great friend of St. Catherine of Siena; the exact place and date of his birth are unknown and those of his death are disputed.

Fleuriot, Zénaide-Marie-Anne - French novelist, b. at Saint-Brieuc, 12 September, 1829; d. at Paris, 18 December, 1890.

Fleury, Abbey of - One of the oldest and most celebrated Benedictine abbeys of Western Europe. Its modern name is Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire, applicable both to the monastery and the township with which the abbey has always been associated.

Fleury, André-Hercule de - Chaplain to Maria Theresa and Louis XIV. (1653-1742)

Flodoard - French historian and chronicler, b. at Epernay in 894; d. in 966.

Floreffe, Abbey of - Situated on the Sambre, about seven miles southwest of Namur, Belgium, owes its foundation to Godfrey, Count of Namur, and his wife Ermensendis.

Florence - Located in the province of Tuscany (Central Italy).

Florence, Council of - The Seventeenth Ecumenical Council was the continuation of the Council of Ferrara.

Florence of Worcester - English chronicler, died in 1118.

Florentina, Saint - Sometimes called Florentia. Spanish nun, d. about 612.

Florez, Enrique - Spanish theologian, archeologist, and historian; born at Valladolid, 14 February, 1701; died at Madrid, 20 August, 1773.

Florian, Jean-Pierre Claris, Chevalier de - Writer, born at the château of Florian (Gard), 6 March, 1755; died at Sceaux, 13 September, 1794.

Florians, The - An independent order, and not, as some consider, a branch of the Cistercians; it was founded in 1189 by the Abbot Joachim of Flora.

Florida - The Peninsular or Everglade State, the most southern in the American Union and second largest east of the Mississippi.

Florilegia - Systematic collections of excerpts (more or less copious) from the works of the Fathers and other ecclesiastical writers of the early period, compiled with a view to serve dogmatic or ethical purposes.

Florus - A deacon of Lyons, ecclesiastical writer in the first half of the ninth century.

Floyd, John - English missionary. (1572-1649)

Fogaras - Archdiocese in Hungary, of the Greek-Rumanian Rite.

Foggia - Diocese in the province of the same name in Apulia (Southern Italy).

Foillan, Saint - Blood brother of SS. Fursey and Ultan. Irish-born abbot of Cnoberesburg until it was captured by the Mercians, whereupon Foillan fled to Nivelles. He was murdered in 652.

Folengo, Teofilo - Italian poet. (1496-1544)

Foley, Henry - English Jesuit lay brother. (1811-1891)

Foligno - Diocese in the province of Perugia, Italy, immediately subject to the Holy See.

Folkestone Abbey - Located in England.

Fonseca, José Ribeiro da - Friar Minor; b. at Evora, 3 Dec., 1690; d. at Porto, 16 June, 1752.

Fonseca, Pedro Da - A philosopher and theologian, born at Cortizada, Portugal, 1528; died at Lisbon, 4 Nov., 1599.

Fonseca Soares, Antonio da - Friar Minor and ascetical writer. (1631-1682)

Fontana, Carlo - An architect and writer; b. at Bruciato, near Como, 1634; d. at Rome, 1714.

Fontana, Domenico - A Roman architect of the Late Renaissance, b. at Merli on the Lake of Lugano, 1543; d. at Naples, 1607.

Fontana, Felice - Italian naturalist and physiologist, b. at Pomarolo in the Tyrol, 15 April, 1730; d. at Florence, 11 January, 1805.

Fontbonne, Jeanne - Mother St. John, second foundress and superior-general of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Lyons. (1759-1843)

Fonte-Avellana - A suppressed order of hermits, which takes its name from their first hermitage in the Apennines.

Fontenelle, Abbey of - A Benedictine monastery in Normandy (Seine-Inférieure), near Caudebec-en-Caux.

Fontevrault, Order and Abbey of - The monastery of Fontevrault was founded by Blessed Robert d'Arbrissel about the end of 1100.

Foppa, Ambrogio - Italian goldsmith, sculptor, and die sinker, b. 1445, d. about 1527.

Forbes, John - Capuchin, b. 1570; d. 1606.

Forbin-Janson, Comte de Charles-Auguste-Marie-Joseph - A Bishop of Nancy and Toul, founder of the Association of the Holy Childhood. (1785-1844)

Forcellini, Egidio - Latin lexicographer, b. at Fener, near Treviso, Italy, 26 Aug., 1688; d. at Padua, 4 April, 1768.

Fordham University - Developed out of Saint John's College, founded by Bishop Hughes upon the old Rose Hill Farm at Fordham, then in Westchester County, and formally opened on St. John the Baptist's Day, 24 June, 1841.

Foreman, Andrew - A Scottish prelate; b. at Hatton, near Berwick-on-Tweed; d. 1522.

Forer, Laurenz - Controversialist, b. at Lucerne, 1580; d. at Ratisbon, 7 January, 1659.

Foresters, Catholic Orders of - A Catholic fraternal insurance society.

Forgery, Forger - The deliberate untruthfulness of an assertion, or in the deceitful presentation of an object, and is based on an intention to deceive and to injure while using the externals of honesty.

Forli - Diocese in the province of Romagna (Central Italy); suffragan of Ravenna.

Form - The original meaning of the term form, both in Greek and Latin, was and is that in common use - eidos, being translated, that which is seen, shape, etc., with secondary meanings derived from this, as form, sort, particular, kind, nature.

Formby, Henry - Writer, born 1816; died at Normanton Hall, Leicester, 12 March, 1884.

Formosus, Pope - Reigned 891-896.

Formularies - Medieval collections of models for the execution of documents (acta), public or private; a space being left for the insertion of names, dates, and circumstances peculiar to each case.

Forrest, William - Sixteenth-century English priest and poet.

Förster, Arnold - German entomologist. (1810-1884)

Forster, Fobrenius - Bavarian Prince-Abbot. (1709-1791)

Forster, Thomas Ignatius Maria - Astronomer and naturalist. (1789-1860)

Fort Wayne - The Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana, U.S.A., established in 1834, comprised the whole State of Indiana till the Holy See, on 22 September, 1857, created the Diocese of Fort Wayne, assigning to it that part of Indiana north of the southern boundary of Warren, Fountain, Montgomery, Boone, Hamilton, Madison, Delaware, and Randolph Counties.

Fortaleza, Diocese of - Co-extensive with the State of Ceará in the Republic of Brazil.