Catholic Encyclopedia J

Nützliche Links über J in Kategorie Catholic Encyclopedia:

Jaca, Diocese of - Located in the Spanish province of Huesca. Jaca, the chief town of the mountain district of Sobrarbe.

Jackson, Henry Moore - Knight, born in Grenada, 1849; died in London, 29 August, 1908.

Jacob - The son of Isaac and Rebecca, third great patriarch of the chosen people, and the immediate ancestor of the twelve tribes of Israel.

Jacob of Jüterbogk - Theologian and canonist, born of poor parents near Jüterbogk, Brandenburg, Germany, 1381; died at Erfurt in 1465.

Jacobus de Teramo - Canonist and bishop, born in 1349 at Teramo in Italy; died in 1417 in Poland.

Jacopo de Voragine, Blessed - Became a Dominican at a very early age, was a renowned preacher, provincial, and then Archbishop of Genoa. He died in about 1298. Biographical article.

Jacopone da Todi, Blessed - More properly called Jacopo Benedetti. Biographical article on the lawyer, widower, Franciscan poet sympathetic to the Spirituals, who died about 1306.

Jacotot, Joseph - French educator, b. at Dijon, March, 1770; d. at Paris, 30 July, 1840.

Jacques de Vitry - Historian of the crusades, cardinal Bishop of Acre, later of Tusculum, b. at Vitry-sur-Seine, near Paris, probably about 1160; d. at Rome, 1240.

Jacquier, François - French mathematician and physicist, born at Vitry-le-Francois, 7 June, 1711; died at Rome, 3 July, 1788.

Jaén - Diocese in Southern Spain.

Jaenbert - Thirteenth Archbishop of Canterbury; died at Canterbury 11 or 12 August, 791.

Jaffa - A titular see in the Patriarchate of Jerusalem.

Jaffna, Diocese of - Situated in the northern portion of Ceylon, Jaffna comprises the northern and north-central provinces of the island.

Jainism - A form of religion intermediate between Brahminism and Buddhism, originated in India in pre-Christian times.

Jamaica - The largest of the British West Indian islands, situated in the Caribbean Sea.

Jamay, Denis - Franciscan, missionary, date and place of birth unknown; died in France, 1625; an important figure in the early history of the Church in Canada.

James Bell, Blessed - Ordained priest in Mary's reign, served the Established Church under Queen Elizabeth, but returned to the Catholic Church and became a missionary. He was martyred along with a layman, John Finch, in 1584.

James Duckett, Blessed - Convert to Catholicism, publisher and bookseller, martyred in 1601.

James, Epistle of Saint - The author is commonly identified with the Lord's brother, the Bishop of Jerusalem; the view that the Lord's brother must be identified with James, the son of Alpheus, is by far the most probable.

James of Brescia - Theologian of the fifteenth century.

James of Edessa - A celebrated Syrian writer, b. most likely in A.D. 633; d. 5 June, 708.

James of Sarugh - A writer of the Syrian Church.

James of the Marches, Saint - Surnamed Gangala, civil lawyer, Franciscan priest, d. 1476.

James Primadicci - Born at Bologna; died in the same city in 1460.

James the Greater, Saint - What can be known of St. James, son of Zebedee and brother of John, from Scripture. Also discusses the tradition that St. James preached in Spain and that his body was translated to Compostela.

James the Less, Saint - Identifies James the Less with James the Apostle, son of Alpheus, and with James the brother of the Lord.

James Thompson, Blessed - Also called James Hudson. Priest who was imprisoned and then martyred at York in 1582.

Janauschek, Leopold - Cistercian, born at Brünn, Moravia, 13 October, 1827; died 23 July, 1898, at Baden, near Vienna.

Jandel, Alexandre Vincent - General of the Dominican order, born at Gerbevilliers (Lorraine), 18 July, 1810; died at Rome, 11 December, 1872.

Jane Frances de Chantal, Saint - Biography of the widowed baroness, mother, founder of the Congregation of the Visitation, who died in 1641.

Janner, Ferdinand - Theologian, born at Hirschau, in the Upper Palatinate (Bavaria), 4 Feb., 1836; died 1 November, 1895.

Janow, Matthew of - A medieval ecclesiastical author, born in the fourteenth century in Bohemia; died at Prague, 30 Nov., 1394.

Jansen, Cornelius - Exegete, born at Hulst, Flanders, 1510; died at Ghent, 11 April, 1576.

Jansenius and Jansenism - The subject of this article lived three-quarters of a century later than his namesake. He was born 28 October, 1585, of a Catholic family, in the village of Accoi, near Leerdam, Holland; died at Ypres, 6 May, 1638.

Janssen, Johann - Historian, born 10 April, 1829, at Kanten, Germany; died 24 December, 1891, at Frankfort-on-the-Main.

Janssens, Abraham - Flemish painter, b. at Antwerp about 1573; d. probably in the same place about 1631.

Janssens, Johann Hermann - Catholic theologian, b. at Maeseyck, Belgium, 7 Dec., 1783; d. at Engis, 23 May, 1853.

Januarius, Saint - Bishop of Beneventum, martyr, believed to have died in the Diocletian persecution, c. 305. Article has a lengthy discussion of the liquefaction of the saint's blood.

Japan - Called in the language of the country Nihon or Nippon (Land of the Rising Sun), and Dai Nihon or Dai Nippon (Great Japan), situated north-west of the Pacific Ocean and east of the Asiatic continent.

Jarcke, Karl Ernst - Born 10 November, 1801, at Danzig, Prussia; died 27 December, 1852, at Vienna. He belonged to a Protestant merchant family. He took up the study of jurisprudence, and became at an early age professor of criminal law at Bonn and later in Berlin.

Jaricot, Pauline-Marie - Foundress of the Society of the Propagation of the Faith and the Association of the Living Rosary, born at Lyons, 22 July, 1799; died there, 9 January, 1862.

Jarlath, Saint - Studied under St. Benen, founded a college at Cloonfush, was noted for his fasting, died about 540.

Jaro - Diocese in the Philippine Islands, formerly a part of the Diocese of Cebú, was made a separate diocese on 27 May, 1865.

Jarric, Pierre de - Missionary writer, born at Toulouse in 1566; d. at Saintes, 2 March, 1617.

Jason - A Greek name adopted by many Jews whose Hebrew designation was Joshua (Jesus). In the Old Testament, it is applied to three or four persons connected with the period of the Machabees.

Jassus - A titular see of Caria, and suffragan of Aphrodisias.

Jassy - Diocese in Rumania.

Jauregui, Juan de - A Spanish painter and poet, born at Seville c. 1570, or, according to some, as late as 1583; died at Madrid c. 1640-1.

Jealousy - Taken to be synonymous with envy.

Jean de Brébeuf, Saint - Biographical article on the Jesuit missionary and martyr.

Jean Eudes, Saint - French missionary, religious founder, writer, d. 1680.

Jean Louis Bonnard, Saint - Short biography of the French missionary priest and martyr, d. 1852.

Jean-Baptiste-Marie Vianney, Saint - The Curé of Ars, d. 1869.

Jean-Gabriel Perboyre, Saint - Vincentian priest, missionary to China, where he was tortured and martyred in 1840.

Jeanne de Valois, Saint - Biography of St. Jeanne, also known as Jéhanne de France or Jane of Valois, queen, founder of the Annonciades. She died in 1505.

Jeaurat, Edmond - French engraver, b. at Vermenton, near Auxerre, 1688; d. at Paris, 1738.

Jedburgh - Augustinian abbey, in the town of the same name, established as a priory by David I, King of Scots, in 1118, and colonized by Canons Regular of St. Augustine from the Abbey of St-Quentin, at Beauvais, France.

Jehoshaphat - Fourth King of Juda after the schism of the Ten Tribes.

Jehoshaphat, Valley of - Mentioned in only one passage of the Bible (Joel, iii-Heb. text, iv).

Jehovah - Proper name of God in the Old Testament.

Jehu - The derivation of the name is uncertain. By some it is translated "Yahweh is he". Several by this name are noted in the article.

Jemez Pueblo - An Indian pueblo situated upon the north bank of the river of the same name about twenty miles north-west of Bernalillo, New Mexico.

Jeningen, Venerable Philipp - Born at Eichstätt, Bavaria, 5 January, 1642;d, at Ellwangen, 8 February, 1704. Entering the Society of Jesus, 19 January, 1663, he became a most successful popular missionary at the shrine of Our Lady of Schönenberg, near Ellwangen in Swabia.

Jenks, Silvester - Theologian, born in Shropshire, c. 1656; died in December, 1714.

Jennings, Sir Patrick Alfred - An Australian statesman, b. at Newry, Ireland, 1831; d. July, 1897.

Jephte - One of the judges of Israel. The story of Jephte is narrated in chapters xi and xii of the Book of Judges.

Jeremias - Name of several Old Testament figures.

Jeremias the Prophet - Background information on his era. His life and mission. Analysis of the Biblical book which bears his name.

Jericho - Three cities of this name have successively occupied sites in the same neighbourhood.

Jeroboam - Name of two Israelitish kings.

Jerome Emiliani, Saint - Soldier, priest, founder of the Order of Somascha, d. 1537.

Jerome, Saint - Lengthy article on the life and works of St. Jerome.

Jerusalem (71-1099) - History in several periods to the first crusade.

Jerusalem (After 1291) - The Latin dominion over Jerusalem really came to an end on 2 October, 1187, when the city opened its gates to Saladin (Yusuf ibn Ayyub, Salah-ed-din, Emir of Egypt, 1169-93); although fragments of the Latin kingdom in Palestine lasted into another century.

Jerusalem (Before A.D. 71) - This article deals with the destruction by the Romans after it had become the scene of the Redemption.

Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of (1099-1291) - Founded as a result of the First Crusade, in 1099. Destroyed a first time by Saladin in 1187, it was re-established around Saint-Jean d'Acre and maintained until the capture of that city in 1291.

Jerusalem, Liturgy of - The Rite of Jerusalem is that of Antioch.

Jesi - Diocese in the Province of Ancona, Italy, immediately subject to the Holy See.

Jesu Dulcis Memoria - A poem ranging from forty two to fifty three stanzas (in various manuscripts), to form the three hymns of the Office of the Holy Name.

Jesuit Apologetic - The accusations brought against the Society have been exceptional for their frequency and fierceness.

Jesuit Generals Prior to the Suppression - Details of several who held the position.

Jesuit's Bark - On account of its alkaloids, is the most celebrated specific remedy for all forms of malaria.

Jesuits, Distinguished - A list without details of the Jesuits. Does include links to articles when there is one about the person.

Jesuits, History of the (1773-1814) - The execution of the Brief of Suppression having been largely left to local bishops, there was room for a good deal of variety in the treatment the Jesuits might receive in different places.

Jesuits, History of the (1814-1912) - Pius VII had resolved to restore the Society during his captivity in France; and after his return to Rome he did so with little delay.

Jesuits, History of the (pre-1750) - Includes details of activities in various countries.

Jesuits, Suppression of the (1750-1773) - The most difficult part of the history of the Society.

Jesus and Mary, Sisters of the Holy Childhood of - Several groups detailed.

Jesus Christ - An index of articles on the subject.

Jesus Christ, Character of - The surpassing eminence of the character of Jesus has been acknowledged by men of the most varied type.

Jesus Christ, Chronology of the Life of - Includes absolute and relative chronologies.

Jesus Christ, Early Historical Documents on - Divided into three classes: pagan sources, Jewish sources, and Christian sources.

Jesus Christ, Origin of the Name of - Article examines the name Jesus and Christ separately.

Jesus, Daughters of - Founded at Kermaria, in the Diocese of Vannes, France, in 1834, for the care of the sick poor, and the education of girls.

Jesus Mary, Religious of - Founded at Lyons, France, in October, 1818, by Claudine Thevenet, in religion, Mother St. Ignatius.

Jews (as a Religion) - Judaism designates the religious communion which survived the destruction of the Jewish nation by the Assyrians and the Babylonians.

Jews, History of the - Of the two terms, Jews and Judaism, the former denotes usually the Israelites or descendants of Jacob (Israel) in contrast to Gentile races; the latter, the creed and worship of the Jews in contrast to Christianity and others.

Jezabel - Wife of Achab, King of Israel.

Jíbaro Indians - An important tribal group of Ecuador, comprising a great number of small subtribes speaking a common language with dialectic variants, and together constituting a distinct linguistic stock.

Joachim of Flora, Blessed - Article on this Cistercian abbot, mystic, regarded as a prophet, d. 1202.

Joachim, Saint - According to apocryphal literature, the father of Mary.

Joan of Arc, Saint - Her brief life, her trial and death, swift rehabilitation, and her beatification in 1909.

Joan, Popess - The fable about a female pope, who afterwards bore the name of Johanna (Joan), is first noticed in the middle of the thirteenth century.

Joanna of Portugal, Blessed - Princess, Dominican, d. 1490.

Joannes de Sacrobosco - John Holywood, a monk of English origin, lived in the first half of the thirteenth century as professor of astronomy at Paris; died in that city, 1256.

Job - One of the books of the Old Testament, and the chief personage in it.

Jocelin - Cistercian monk and Bishop of Glasgow; d. at Melrose Abbey in 1199.

Jocelin de Brakelond - An English chronicler, of the late twelfth century.

Jocelin of Wells - Bishop of Bath and Wells, d. 19 Nov., 1242.

Joel - Profile of the Old Testament prophet and analysis of the book bearing his name.

Joest, Jan - Dutch painter, b. at Calcker, or Calcar, about 1460; d. at Haarlem in 1519.

Johann Nepomuk von Tschiderer zu Gleifheim, Blessed - Bishop of Trent, d. 1860.

John Adams, Blessed - A convert to Catholicism, he was martyred at Tyburn in 1586.

John Almond, Saint - Biographical sketch of the martyr.

John Amias, Blessed - Cloth merchant, widower, priest, martyred 1589.

John and Paul, Saints - Roman martyrs, c. 362.

John Baptist de la Salle, Saint - Essay on the founder of the Christian Brothers.

John Baptist de Rossi, Saint - Priest, canon, preacher, d. 1764.

John Beche, Blessed - Benedictine abbot. When Beche refused to grant that the king had any authority to confiscate St. John's Abbey, Colchester, he was thrown in the Tower on charges of treason. Though weak, he gained the crown of martyrdom in 1539.

John Berchmans, Saint - Biography of this Jesuit, always pious, who died in 1621 at the age of 22.

John Bodey, Blessed - Short biography of the English layman and martyr, who died in 1583.

John Boste, Saint - Or John Boast. Priest, martyred at Durham in 1594. One of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.

John Britton, Blessed - Also called John Bretton. Short biography of the layman and martyr.

John Buckley, Saint - Alias John Jones. Welsh Franciscan priest, martyred at Tyburn in 1598.

John Cantius, Saint - Polish priest, professor of Sacred Scripture, d. 1473.

John Capistran, Saint - Lawyer, governor, ambassador, became a Franciscan priest and a renowned preacher, died in 1456.

John Chrysostom, Saint - Long biographical article on this bishop and Doctor of the Church.

John Climacus, Saint - Sometimes called Scholasticus or the Sinaita. Article on the sixth-century Syrian abbot of Mt. Sinai. He is called "Climacus" because he wrote the spiritual classic "The Ladder of Divine Ascent," "Klimax" being the Greek for "ladder."

John Colombini, Blessed - Sienese husband and father whose life was transformed by reading the life of St. Mary of Egypt. Founder of the Jesuati. He died in 1367.

John Cornelius and Companions, Blessed - Cornelius, born of Irish parents in Cornwall, studied for the priesthood at Reims. For 10 years he worked as a missionary in England till he was martyred in 1594 for being a Catholic priest, and three companions were also martyred for aiding him.

John Damascene, Saint - Lengthy biographical article on the last of the Greek Fathers.

John de Britto, Saint - Portuguese Jesuit missionary to India, martyr, d. 1693.

John Duckett, Blessed - Biographical sketch of the English priest and martyr.

John Duns Scotus, Blessed - Called "Doctor Subtilis," Franciscan, philosopher, d. 1308.

John, Epistles of - Three canonical books of the New Testament written by the Apostle St. John.

John Felton, Blessed - Arrested, imprisoned, and tortured for having attached a copy of the papal bull excommunicating the queen to the Bishop of London's door. He died a martyr in 1570.

John Finch, Blessed - A layman, raised Protestant. As a young man he converted to Catholicism, married, served as a catechist, and made his home a center of missionary activity. Captured, he was tortured and imprisoned for three years before being martyred in 1584.

John Finglow, Blessed - Yorkshire priest, martyred in 1586.

John Fisher, Saint - Cardinal, Bishop of Rochester, martyr, d. 1535.

John Forest, Blessed - English Franciscan, served as confessor to Queen Catherine, was burned at the stake at Smithfield in 1538.

John Francis Regis, Saint - Jesuit priest and missionary, d. 1640.

John, Gospel of - According to the traditional order, the Gospel of St. John occupies the last place among the four canonical Gospels.

John Hambley, Blessed - More than once this priest offered to conform to the state-mandated religion, but at last he died a martyr.

John Houghton, Saint - Biography of the Carthusian martyr, who died in 1535, and details on some of his companions in martyrdom.

John I, Pope Saint - A Tuscan, was warmly received in Constantinople, but upon his return to Rome, was imprisoned by King Theodoric. Pope John died in prison in 526.

John II, Pope - A Roman and the son of Projectus; if not born in the second region (Coelimontium) he had at least been a priest of St. Clement's Basilica.

John III, Pope - A Roman surnamed Catelinus, d. 13 July, 574.

John Ingram, Blessed - English priest, tortured and twice imprisoned, martyred in 1594.

John IV, Pope - A native of Dalmatia, and the son of the scholasticus (advocate) Venantius.

John IX, Pope - Reigned 898-900.

John Joseph of the Cross, Saint - Italian Franciscan priest, had the gift of miracles, d. 1739.

John Kemble, Saint - Biography of the priest and martyr, who died in 1679.

John Larke, Blessed - Parish priest and friend of St. Thomas More. Martyred at Tyburn in 1543/4, along with another priest (Bl. John Ireland) and the layman Bl. German Gardiner.

John Lloyd, Saint - Welsh priest and martyr, executed at Cardiff in 1679. Article also has information on his fellow martyr the Jesuit Philip Evans.

John Lockwood, Blessed - Short biographical article on the English priest and martyr.

John Malalas - A Monophysite Byzantine chronicler of the sixth century.

John Martin Moye, Blessed - Biography of the founder of the Sisters of Divine Providence, and missionary to China. He died in 1793.

John Nelson, Blessed - Jesuit priest, martyred at Tyburn in 1577/8.

John Nepomucene, Saint - Biography of the vicar general of the Archdiocese of Prague, who was tortured and then thrown into the Moldau and drowned, by order of King Wenceslaus IV, in 1393.

John of Antioch - There are four persons commonly known by this name.

John of Avila, Saint - Priest, preacher, author, d. 1569.

John of Beverley, Saint - Benedictine bishop of Hexham and later of York, monastic founder, d. 721.

John of Biclaro - Chronicler, born in Portugal, probably about the middle of the sixth century; died after 621.

John of Cornwall - Lived about 1176. Author of a treatise written against the doctrine of Abelard.

John of Ephesus - Syriac historian, born at Amida (Diarbekir, on the upper Tigris), about 505; d. about 585.

John of Falkenberg - Author, b. at Falkenberg, Pomerania, Prussia, date unknown; d. about 1418 in Italy.

John of Fécamp - Ascetic writer, b. near Ravenna about the beginning of the eleventh century; d. at Fécamp, Normandy, 22 February, 1079.

John of Fermo, Blessed - Also known as John of La Verna. Franciscan, a friend of Jacopone of Todi. John died in 1322.

John of Genoa - Grammarian; born at Genoa, date unknown; died there about 1298.

John of God, Saint - Portuguese shepherd, soldier, bookseller, finally found his niche caring for the health of the poor in Granada, became de facto founder of a religious order, d. 1550.

John of Hauteville - Moralist and satirical poet of the twelfth century (flourished about 1184).

John of Janduno - An Averroistic philosopher, theologian, and political writer of the fourteenth century.

John of Montecorvino - A Franciscan and founder of the Catholic mission in China, b. at Montecorvino in Southern Italy, in 1246; d. at Peking, in 1328.

John of Montesono - Theologian and controversialist, born at Monzón, Spain; dates of birth and death unknown.

John of Nikiû - An Egyptian chronicler who flourished in the latter part of the seventh century.

John of Paris - Theologian and controversialist; born at Paris, date unknown; died at Bordeaux, 22 September, 1306.

John of Parma, Blessed - Franciscan, professor of theology, Minister General, peacemaker, d. 1289.

John of Ragusa - Dominican theologian. (1380-1443)

John of Roquetaillade (de Rupescissa) - Franciscan alchemist, date of birth unknown; d. probably at Avignon, 1362.

John of Rupella - Franciscan theologian, b. at La Rochelle (Rupella), towards the end of the twelfth century.

John of Sahagun, Saint - Spanish canon, became an Augustinian hermit, d. 1479.

John of Saint Thomas - Theologian, born at Lisbon, 9 June, 1589; died at Fraga, Spain, 17 June, 1644.

John of Salisbury - Article on the life and thought of this medieval philosopher, by P. Coffey.

John of Segovia - A Spanish theologian, b. at Segovia towards the end of the fourteenth century; d. probably in 1458.

John of the Cross, Saint - Article on the life and teaching of this Discalced Carmelite associated with St. Teresa of Avila. Mystic, Doctor of the Church, d. 1591.

John of Victring - Chronicler, b. probably between 1270 and 1280; d. at Victring, Austria, 12 November, 1347.

John of Winterthur - Historian, born about 1300 atWinterthur (Switzerland); died subsequently to 1348, probably at Zurich.

John Ogilvie, Saint - Scotsman, raised Calvinist, converted to Catholicism, became a Jesuit priest and missionary to his native land, was tortured and martyred in 1615.

John Parvus - A French theologian and professor in the University of Paris; b. most likely at Brachy, Caux, in Normandy, and certainly in the Diocese of Rouen, about 1360; d. 15 July, 1411.

John Payne, Saint - English priest, tortured and martyred on completely fabricated charges of conspiracy to murder the queen. Executed in 1582.

John Pibush, Blessed - English priest and missionary to his native land, imprisoned for more than six years, on trial twice for the crime of being a priest, martyred at Waterings in 1600/1.

John Rigby, Saint - Rigby, an unmarried layman, appeared in court on behalf of his employer's daughter and admitted that he was himself a Catholic. He was martyred in 1600.

John Roberts, Saint - A Welsh Benedictine, the first prior of Downside, was arrested six times, exiled four times, and finally martyred at Tyburn in 1610.

John Rochester, Blessed - Brief biography of this English Carthusian priest and martyr, d. 1537.

John Ruysbroeck, Blessed - Article on the Admirable Doctor, "undoubtedly the foremost of the Flemish mystics," author, who died in 1381.

John Sandys, Blessed - Brief account of the martyrdom of the English priest, which took place in 1586.

John Sarkander, Saint - This priest was tortured for refusing to break the seal of confession, and died in prison in 1620.

John Scholasticus - Patriarch of Constantinople, the author of an important collection of ecclesiastical laws; b. at Sirimis near Antioch; d. 577.

John Shert, Blessed - Very brief biographical profile of the English priest, martyred in 1581.

John Southworth, Saint - English priest, missionary to his native land, imprisoned several times, once deported, finally martyred for the crime of being a priest. He was executed at Tyburn, 28 June, 1654.

John Speed, Blessed - Alias John Spence. Englishman, martyred for aiding St. John Boste. Bl. John was executed at Durham in 1593/4.

John Stone, Saint - English Augustinian friar, martyred probably in 1539.

John Story, Blessed - Or Storey. Member of Parliament, was arrested but escaped and became a Spanish subject. Kidnapped in Flanders, he was carried to the Tower, where he was tortured repeatedly. Died a martyr in 1571.

John Sugar, Blessed - Also called John Suker. English priest, was martyred on the same day as a layman, the Bl. Robert Grissold, in 1604 after spending a year in prison.

John Talaia - Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria (481-482) at the time of the Monophysite troubles.

John the Almsgiver, Saint - Also called John Eleemosynarius. Patriarch of Alexandria, d. 616.

John the Baptist, Saint - Lengthy article on the Precursor.

John the Deacon - Article about four historians of the Middle Ages who bear this name.

John the Evangelist, Saint - Brother of James and son of Zebedee.

John the Faster - Patriarch of Constantinople (John IV, 582-595), famous chiefly through his assumption of the title "eœcumenical patriarch"; d. 2 September, 595.

John the Silent, Saint - Or John Hesychastes. Monk, runaway bishop of Colonia, hermit, d. 558.

John Thulis, Blessed - Lancashire priest and martyr, converted some of his fellow prisoners. Was executed together with Roger Wrenno in 1615 or 1616.

John Twenge, Saint - Canon regular, prior of St. Mary's, Bridlington. Miracle-worker, d. 1379.

John V, Pope - A Syrian whose father was one Cyriacus; when he was born is not known; d. 2 August, 686.

John VI, Pope - A Greek, the date of whose birth is unknown; d. 11 January, 705.

John VII, Pope - Reigned 705-707.

John VIII, Pope - Reigned 872-82.

John Wall, Saint - Biography of the English Franciscan priest and missionary, martyred in 1679.

John Woodcock, Blessed - Brief biography of the English Franciscan martyr, who died in 1646.

John X, Pope - Born at Tossignano, Romagna; enthroned, 914; died at Rome, 928.

John XI, Pope - Reigned 931-935.

John XII, Pope - Date of birth unknown; reigned 955-64.

John XIII, Pope - Date of birth unknown; enthroned on 1 Oct., 965; d. 6 Sept., 972.

John XIV, Pope - After the death of Benedict VII, Bishop Peter Campanora of Pavia, earlier imperial chancellor of Italy, was elected pope with the consent of Emperor Otto II, and took the name of John.

John XIX (XX), Pope - Enthroned in 1024; d. 1032.

John XV (XVI), Pope - Enthroned 985; d. April, 996.

John XVI (XVII) - Antipope 997-998; d. probably in 1013.

John XVII (XVIII), Pope - Date of birth unknown; d. 6 Nov., 1003.

John XVIII (XIX), Pope - Successor of John XVII, consecrated Christmas, 1003; d. June, 1009.

John XXI (XX), Pope - Born at Lisbon between 1210 and 1220; enthroned, 1276; died at Viterbo, 20 May, 1277.

John XXII, Pope - Born at Cahors in 1249; enthroned, 5 September, 1316; died at Avignon, 4 December, 1334.

John XXIII - Antipope. (1370-1419)

Johnson, Lionel Pigot - Born at Broadstairs on the Kentish coast, 15 Mar., 1867; died 4 Oct., 1902.

Johnston, Richard Malcolm - Educator, author, b. 8 March, 1822, at Powellton, Georgia, U.S.A.; d. at Baltimore, Maryland, 23 September, 1898.

Joinville, Jean, Sire de - Seneschal of Champagne, historian, b in 1225; d. at Joinville, 1317.

Joliet, Louis - A discoverer and the son of a wagon-maker, was born at Quebec, Canada, on 21 September 1645; d. in Canada, May 1700.

Joliette - Diocese created by Pius X, 27 January, 1904 by division of the Archdiocese of Montreal; comprises three counties, Joliette, Berthier, and Montcalm, with four parishes of L'Assomption County.

Jolly, Philipp Johann Gustav von - German physicist, born at Mannheim, 26 September, 1809; died at Munich, 24 December, 1884.

Jonah - The fifth of the Minor Prophets. Article takes a look at the Book of Jonah.

Jonas of Bobbio - Monk and hagiographer, b. about the close of the sixth century at Sigusia (Susa) in Piedmont; d. after 659.

Jonas of Orléans - Bishop and ecclesiastical writer, born in Aquitaine; died in 843 or 844.

Jonathan - Name of several persons mentioned in the Old Testament.

Jones, Inigo - A biography with references of the London-born architect who drew his inspiration from the Classical forms of Italy.

<